virtual destructor in C++

소스

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

#define SHOWFUN() do { cerr << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << endl; } while(false)

class CParent1
{
public:
    explicit CParent1() {SHOWFUN();}
    ~CParent1() {SHOWFUN();}
    virtual void doWhat(void) const {SHOWFUN();}
};

class CChild1 : public CParent1
{
public:
    explicit CChild1() {SHOWFUN();}
    ~CChild1() {SHOWFUN();}
    virtual void doWhat(void) const {SHOWFUN();}
};

class CParent2
{
public:
    explicit CParent2() {SHOWFUN();}
    virtual ~CParent2() {SHOWFUN();}
    virtual void doWhat(void) const {SHOWFUN();}
};

class CChild2 : public CParent2
{
public:
    explicit CChild2() {SHOWFUN();}
    virtual ~CChild2() {SHOWFUN();}
    virtual void doWhat(void) const {SHOWFUN();}
};

class CChild3 : public CParent1
{
public:
    explicit CChild3() {SHOWFUN();}
    virtual ~CChild3() {SHOWFUN();}
    virtual void doWhat(void) const {SHOWFUN();}
};

class CChild4 : public CParent2
{
public:
    explicit CChild4() {SHOWFUN();}
    ~CChild4() {SHOWFUN();}
    virtual void doWhat(void) const {SHOWFUN();}
};

class CGrandChild1 : public CChild1
{
public:
    explicit CGrandChild1() {SHOWFUN();}
    ~CGrandChild1() {SHOWFUN();}
    virtual void doWhat(void) const {SHOWFUN();}
};

class CGrandChild2 : public CChild2
{
public:
    explicit CGrandChild2() {SHOWFUN();}
    ~CGrandChild2() {SHOWFUN();}
    virtual void doWhat(void) const {SHOWFUN();}
};

template<typename _T>
void
show1(void)
{
    cerr << "-------------------------------------------------------" << endl;
    cerr << "Type: " << typeid(_T).name() << endl;
    _T a;
}

template<typename _T1, typename _T2>
void
show2(void)
{
    cerr << "-------------------------------------------------------" << endl;
    cerr << "Type: " << typeid(_T2).name() << endl;
    _T1* a(new _T2);
    delete a;
}

int
main(int,char**)
{
    show1<CChild1>();
    show1<CChild2>();
    show1<CChild3>();
    show2<CParent1,CChild1>();
    show2<CParent2,CChild2>();
    show2<CParent1,CChild3>();
    show2<CParent2,CChild4>();
    show2<CParent1,CGrandChild1>();
    show2<CParent2,CGrandChild2>();

    return 0;
}

컴파일 및 결과

$g++ -Wall vd.cpp -o vd
vd.cpp:7: warning: ‘class CParent1’ has virtual functions but non-virtual destructor
vd.cpp:15: warning: ‘class CChild1’ has virtual functions but non-virtual destructor
vd.cpp:55: warning: ‘class CGrandChild1’ has virtual functions but non-virtual destructor

$./vd
-------------------------------------------------------
Type: 7CChild1
CParent1::CParent1()
CChild1::CChild1()
CChild1::~CChild1()
CParent1::~CParent1()
-------------------------------------------------------
Type: 7CChild2
CParent2::CParent2()
CChild2::CChild2()
virtual CChild2::~CChild2()
virtual CParent2::~CParent2()
-------------------------------------------------------
Type: 7CChild3
CParent1::CParent1()
CChild3::CChild3()
virtual CChild3::~CChild3()
CParent1::~CParent1()
-------------------------------------------------------
Type: 7CChild1
CParent1::CParent1()
CChild1::CChild1()
CParent1::~CParent1()
-------------------------------------------------------
Type: 7CChild2
CParent2::CParent2()
CChild2::CChild2()
virtual CChild2::~CChild2()
virtual CParent2::~CParent2()
-------------------------------------------------------
Type: 7CChild3
CParent1::CParent1()
CChild3::CChild3()
CParent1::~CParent1()
-------------------------------------------------------
Type: 7CChild4
CParent2::CParent2()
CChild4::CChild4()
virtual CChild4::~CChild4()
virtual CParent2::~CParent2()
-------------------------------------------------------
Type: 12CGrandChild1
CParent1::CParent1()
CChild1::CChild1()
CGrandChild1::CGrandChild1()
CParent1::~CParent1()
-------------------------------------------------------
Type: 12CGrandChild2
CParent2::CParent2()
CChild2::CChild2()
CGrandChild2::CGrandChild2()
virtual CGrandChild2::~CGrandChild2()
virtual CChild2::~CChild2()
virtual CParent2::~CParent2()

결론

1. virtual destructor 여부와 관계 없이 pointer를 delete하는 경우가 아니라면 일반 instance에 대해서는 동일한 결과를 내놓는다.
2. virtual destructor가 아니면 부모 타입 pointer를 delete하는 경우 자식 instance의 destructor를 호출하지 않는다.
3. 부모에서 한 번 virtual destructor로 정의하면 자식에서 virtual이 아니더라도 그 의미를 받는다. (CChild4)
4. 요즘 컴파일러는 virtual method가 있는데도 virtual destructor를 정의하지 않았다고 궁시렁거려준다.

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